Using the Correct Verb Form 使用正確動詞格式
One of the difficulties that students have to tackle is the use of the infinitive (to-verb) or the gerund (verb-ing) in a sentence. It is also one of the testing points in English. If you use the wrong verb form, you will lose marks in an examination or in a test. 學生必須解決的困難之一是在句子中使用不定詞 (to-verb) 或動名詞 (verb-ing) 。這也是英語的考試重點之一。如果你使用錯誤的動詞形式，你將在考試或測試中將會失分。
Can you complete the following story using the correct verb form in each blank? Use either the infinitive or the gerund. 你能在每個空白處使用正確的動詞形式完成下面的故事嗎? 使用不定詞或動名詞。
Bobby was not a diligent boy. Whatever he did, he took a lazy attitude. He loved ____ (1. sleep) and resented ____ (2. get) up early, so ____ (3. go) to school had become a difficult job for him. ‘Will you ever make an effort ____ (4. wake) up early?’ his mother said. ‘Try ____ (5. avoid) ____ (6. go) to bed so late in the night.’
‘All right,’ he answered, although he never considered ____ (7. take) concrete action ____ (8. change) his lifestyle.
‘He is still young,’ his father said. trying ____ (9. defend) the little boy.
‘If you keep on ____ (10. spoil) him,’ the boy’s mother said, ‘he won’t be able ____ (11. enter) a good primary school.’
‘Don’t worry!’ he replied. ‘The problem will be solved soon. I have decided ____ (12. send) him to a boarding school next term. So you don’t need ____ (13. bother) ____ (14. arouse) him in the morning. Just leave the job of ____ (15. wake) him up to the boarding school warden.’
波比不是一個勤奮的男孩。無論他做什麼，他都採取懶惰的態度。他喜歡睡覺，討厭早起，所以上學對他來說成了一項艱鉅的工作。‘你會努力早起嗎?’ 他的母親說。‘盡量避免深夜入睡。’
‘好吧，’ 他回答道，儘管他從未考慮過採取具體行動來改變他的生活方式。
‘他還年輕，’ 他父親說。試圖為小男孩辯護。
‘如果你繼續寵著他，’ 男孩的媽媽說，‘他就上不了好的小學。’
‘別擔心!’ 他回答道。‘問題很快就會解決。我決定下學期送他去寄宿學校。所以你不需要費心在早上喚醒他。把叫醒他的工作交給寄宿學校的舍監就好了。’
Grammar Notes 文法筆記 To use the correct verb form, you need to understand the basic rules that govern the use of the infinitive and the gerund. 要使用正確的動詞形式，您需要了解規範不定詞和動名詞使用的基本規則。
Basic Terms 基本術語:
full infinitive 帶to不定詞: to take, to break
bare infinitive 不帶to不定詞: take, break
active infinitive 主動不定詞: (to) take, (to) break
passive infinitive 被動不定詞: (to) be taken, (to) be broken
active gerund 主動動名詞: taking, breaking
passive gerund 被動動名詞: being taken, being broken
The Use of the Infinitive 不定詞的使用
(1) as the subject of a verb 作為動詞的主語
To buy a house is what he wants. 買房子是他想要的。
(2) as the object of a verb 作為動詞的賓語
He wants to buy a house. 他想要買房子。
(Verbs followed by the infinitive include 後接不定式的動詞包括: agree, decide, claim, attempt, offer, bother, determine, prepare, etc.)
(3) to show a purpose 顯示一個目的
He joined a course to improve his English. 他參加了一個提高英語水平的課程。
To see better, he put on his glasses. 為了看得更清楚，他戴上了眼鏡。
(4) after an adjective 在形容詞之後
She was unable to solve the problem. 她無法解決問題。
The Use of the Gerund 動名詞的使用
(5) as the subject of a verb 作為動詞的主語
Buying a house will involve a lot of money. 買房子會涉及很多錢。
(6) as the object of a verb 作為動詞的賓語
He suggested going on a holiday. 他建議去度假。
(Verbs followed by the gerund include 後接動名詞的動詞包括: admit, avoid, dread, like, enjoy, resent, finish, consider, etc.)
(7) after a preposition 在前置詞之後
My elder brother is keen on collecting shells. 我哥哥熱衷於收集貝殼。
Without waiting, she left the house. 沒有等待，她就離開了家。
The answer 答案
1. sleeping
2. getting
3. going
4. to wake
5. to avoid
6. going
7. taking
8 to change
9. to defend
10. spoiling
11. to enter
12. to send
13. to bother
14. to arouse
15. waking
Some verbs can be followed by both the infinitive and the gerund, but the meaning may be different. 有些動詞後面可以接不定詞和動名詞，但意義可能不同。
He forgot to meet the man. 他忘記去見那個人。
He forgot meeting the man. 他忘記曾經遇見那個人。
They tried to build a fence. 他們試圖建立一個圍欄。
(Building a fence was a difficult job. 建造圍欄是一項艱鉅的工作。)
They tried building a fence. 他們試圖建立一個圍欄。
(They built a fence to see if it was effective for some purposes. 他們建造了一個圍欄，
看看它是否對某些目的有效。)
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